There are two forms of sulfur commonly found in drinking water-sulfate, and hydrogen sulfide. Neither form is dangerous, but they are both annoyances that should be tested for and removed from water.
Sulfates are made up of sulfur and oxygen, and are naturally occurring in the production of some kinds of groundwater. Some bacteria that reduce sulfur content can also be the largest producers of hydrogen sulfide. They often reside in deep wells, plumbing systems, water softeners and water heaters. They flourish and multiply most on the hot water portions of water distribution systems. Similarly, hot water heaters are often the source of hydrogen sulfide content and odors.
Additionally, hydrogen sulfide gas can occur naturally. Decomposing deposits such as decaying plant and animal materials can often be the culprit. This gas can often enter H2O through smaller water basins such as creeks and springs. It can also be found in wells that are drilled near oil fields, coal, or sandstone.
The potential effects of high sulfate and sulfide content are not necessarily dangerous, but can lead to problematic circumstances. It can have a laxative effect when drank in high quantities, which can often lead to dehydration. This is especially unadvisable for children and infants. Over time, people will adapt to sulfate, and the side effects will eventually taper off. However, it is not desirable to wait until that time, as it can often take months, even years to reach that point. H2O with high sulfate levels can make cleaning clothes and taking baths less effective. It can also produce a dark slime that clogs plumbing and stains acrylic objects such as toilets and bathtubs upon contact.
Hydrogen sulfide poses some dangerous possibilities, as it is both flammable and poisonous. Because it is usually found at such low concentrations, it rarely comes to such a hazardous point. However, high concentrations of hydrogen sulfide have been the cause of nausea, long-term illnesses, and even death. Hydrogen sulfide in H2O does not cause disease on its own, but it can do so when mixed with sewage pollution. When in a gas form, it produces an offensive odor and taste. Additionally, it becomes corrosive when it comes in contact with various metals such as iron, steel, copper and brass. It can discolor and rust silverware and other home surfaces. When H2O with high hydrogen sulfide content is used to make tea, coffee, and other mixed beverages, it can often become discolored and taste rather tart or sour.
It is important to get your H2O sampled and tested frequently for sulfur contamination. Establish a plan of action with your local water officials, and be sure to follow through as quickly as possible in order to avoid the potential hazards.